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memorial to the throne
A memorial to the throne (Chinese: , ''zhāngbiǎo'') was an official communication to the Emperor of China. They were generally careful essays in Classical Chinese and their presentation was a formal affair directed by government officials. Submission of a memorial was a right theoretically available to everyone from the Crown Prince to a common farmer, but the court secretaries would read them aloud to the emperor and exercised considerable control over what was considered worthy of his time. They were used in imperial China as a means of regulating corrupt local officials who might otherwise have escaped oversight.〔Brook, 33.〕
==Han dynasty==
Under the Han dynasty, generally, the reception of memorials was the responsibility of the Imperial Secretary tasked with overseeing provincial administration. He generally needed to present any formal memorials, but could reject them for improper formatting.〔Wang (1949), 148–149.〕 Masters of Writing under the Minister Steward then copied and processed these prior to submission to the emperor.〔Bielenstein (1980), 9.〕 Under Emperor An, however, Zhang Heng was placed in charge of reception of the memorials as part of his post as Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages under the Ministry of Guards.〔Crespigny (2007), 1049 & 1223.〕〔Yan (2007), 128.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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